Volume: 44 Issue: 1
Year: 2024, Page: 26-32, Doi: https://doi.org/10.51248/.v44i1.4121
Received: Jan. 2, 2024 Accepted: Feb. 22, 2024 Published: April 24, 2024
Several health schemes have been introduced by the Government of India in recent years. It becomes essential to know the usefulness of these schemes. This narrative review was done to discuss the awareness, perception, and utilisation of the benefits of recent health schemes. Four schemes either introduced or revised between January 2016 and December 2021 namely AB PM-JAY, PMBJP, NPY, and PMSMA were discussed. Thirteen original articles related to these schemes fulfilling inclusion/exclusion criteria were identified using Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, and PubMed databases.
Awareness about AB PM-JAY was absent among 22.7% to 77% participants. The prerequisites for beneficiaries like non-payment of professional tax and non-ownership of certain household equipment were responsible for missing the benefits among some poor participants. About one-fourth of the participants reported poor awareness and attitude towards PMBJP. To support PMBJP, people wanted doctors to take the initiative by endorsing and prescribing generic medicines available under this scheme. Awareness about NPY was absent among 8.5% participants. As many as 21.5% to 71.5% of tuberculosis patients did not receive its benefits. Only 7.3% to 52.6% of the tuberculosis patients received the first incentive within two months of intensive phase. Common problems reported were unavailability of savings bank account or Aadhaar number, particularly among those from rural areas. About one-fourth of patients utilised the money to meet their family expenses. Hardly 5% were aware of PMSMA and among them just 32% had utilised antenatal care services. Counselling services were not offered to some beneficiaries. Few shortcomings in these health schemes were identified which need to be addressed by the stakeholders.
Keywords: Awareness; general population; healthcare schemes; perception; narrative review; utilisation.
1. Selvaraj, S., Farooqui, H.H., Karan, A. Quantifying the financial burden of households’ out-of-pocket payments on medicines in India: a repeated cross-sectional analysis of National Sample Survey data, 1994-2014. BMJ Open. 2018; 8(5):e018020.
2. National Health Agency. About Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana. Available from: https://pmjay.gov.in/about/pmjay (Accessed 2022 Mar 7)
3. Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Bureau of India. Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana. Available from: http://janaushadhi.gov.in/pmjy.aspx (Accessed 2022 Mar 7). 4. Zachariah, R., Spielmann, M.P., Harries, A.D, Salaniponi, F.M. Moderate to severe malnutrition in patients with tuberculosis is a risk factor associated with early death. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2002;96(3):291-294.
5. Ramachandran, G., Kumar, H.A.K., Bhavani, P.K., Gangadevi, P.N., Sekar, L., Vijayasekaran, D., et al., Age, nutritional status and INH acetylator status affect pharmacokinetics of anti-tuberculosis drugs in children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2013;17(6):800-806.
6. Central TB Division. Nutritional Support to TB patients (Nikshay Poshan Yojana). Available from: https://tbcindia.gov.in/WriteReadData/l892s/6851513623Nutrition%20support%20DBT%20Scheme%20details.pdf (Accessed 2022 Mar 8).
7. Central TB Division, MoHFW, Government of India. Direct Benefit Transfer Manual for National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme; 2020. Available from: https://tbcindia.gov.in/WriteReadData/l892s/23294204DBTManualForNTEP.pdf (Accessed 2022 Mar 8)
8. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. (2022 Jan 7). Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan. Available from: https://pmsma.nhp.gov.in/about-scheme/(Accessed 2022 Mar 7).
9. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank group, UNDP. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/194254/9789241565141_eng.pdf;jsessionid=9CCCC9E15E0EE1E21BCB424963C5E660?sequence=1(Accessed 2022 Mar 7).
10. Bajpai, V. The challenges confronting public hospitals in India. Their origins, and possible solutions. Adv. Public Health. 2014; 2014:898502.
11. Barik, D., Thorat, A. Issues of unequal access to public health in India. Front Public Health. 2015;3:245.
12. Kanore, L.J., Satpute, S. A study of awareness about Ayushyaman Bharat Yojana among low income urban families’- An exploratory study. Remarking an Analisation 2019;4(1):223-228.
13. Sriee, G.V.V.P., Maiya, G.R. Coverage, utilization, and impact of Ayushman Bharat scheme among the rural field practice area of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021;10(3):1171-1176.
14. Pugazhenthi, V. A study on awareness on AB-PMJAY for treatment of diseases with special reference to cancer care in Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 2021;7(2):202-206.
15. Garg, S., Bebarta, K.K., Tripathi, N. Performance of India's national publicly funded health insurance scheme, Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogaya Yojana (PMJAY), in improving access and financial protection for hospital care: findings from household surveys in Chhattisgarh state. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):949.
16. Patidar, D.D., Parmar, J. A descriptive study to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding the Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Pariyojana among the people residing in a selected rural community of Mehsana District Gujarat. AJNER. 2019;9(4):498. 17. Nagarajappa, M.H., Srivatsa, H.S. Modelling customers’ buying behaviour of Jan Aushadhi (Generic Medicines). IJPER. 2020;54(1):175-186.
18. Nirgude, A.S., Kumar, A.M.V., Collins, T., Naik, P.R., Parmar, M., Tao, L., et al.,. 'I am on treatment since 5 months but I have not received any money': coverage, delays and implementation challenges of 'Direct Benefit Transfer' for tuberculosis patients - a mixed-methods study from South India. Glob Health Action. 2019;12(1):1633725.
19. Begum, J., Neelima, Y., Ali, S.I., Pattnaik, S., Sharma, D. Utilisation of nutritional support scheme among the patients of tuberculosis: A myth or a truth. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(12):6109-6114. 20. Rohit, A., Kumar, A.M., Thekkur, P., Shastri, S.G., Kumar, R.B., Nirgude, A.S., et al., Does provision of cash incentive to HIV-infected tuberculosis patients improve the treatment success in programme settings? A cohort study from South India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(8):3955-3964.
21. Patel, B.H., Jeyashree, K., Chinnakali, P., Vijayageetha, M., Mehta, K.G., Modi, B., et al., Cash transfer scheme for people with tuberculosis treated by the National TB Programme in Western India: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open. 2019; 9(12):e033158.
22. Kumar, R., Khayyam, K.U., Singla, N., Anand, T., Nagaraja, S.B., Sagili, K.D., et al., Nikshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) for tuberculosis patients: Early implementation challenges in Delhi, India. Indian J Tuberc. 2020;67(2):231-237.
23. Sinha, P., Gunagi, P.R., Viveki, R.G., Kamble, M., Halki, S. Utilization of antenatal services under Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan in rural area of North Karnataka: A cross-sectional study. NJRCM. 2019;8(2):184-188.
24. Vishnu, C.S., Nirgude, A.S., Rajarathnam, A., Navya, N., Akshaya, K.M. Do pregnant mothers utilize supplementary nutrition along with other antenatal services? A cross sectional study from Mangaluru, Karnataka state, India. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2019;6(4):1614-1617. 25. Ministry of Financial Services. Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana. Available from: https://pmjdy.gov.in/files/E-Documents/PMJDY_BROCHURE_ENG.pdf [Accessed 2022 Mar 6].
Nitin Joseph, Sourav Valliyodan, Nitish Shettigar, Hrithik Shetty, Vijayalakshmi Rao, Saloni Ravishankar Kukian. Awareness, perception, and utilization of the benefits of recently introduced health schemes among the general population of India: A narrative review. Biomedicine: 2024; 44(1): 26-32