Biomedicine

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to assess and compare the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) related to diabetes and eye health among individuals with systemic illnesses (such as diabetes and hypertension) and those without systemic diseases in Moradabad, India. Method: Conducted between January and March 2023, this cross-sectional survey involved 357 participants aged 18 years and older from a tertiary care eye institute. Participants were randomly selected and provided informed consent before face-to-face interviews. A pretested questionnaire collected data on demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding diabetes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 21.0, with chi-square tests and Fisher’s Exact Test used to examine associations between variables. Results: The mean age of participants was 53.7 years, with a predominance of females (53.7%) and urban dwellers (60.8%). Of the respondents, 79.3% had systemic diseases, and 41.2% had diabetes. Knowledge gaps were evident: 58.4% believed diabetes was hereditary, but only 19.9% were aware of diabetic retinopathy. Those with systemic illnesses exhibited significantly better knowledge about diabetes inheritance (Chi-Square = 33.082, p < 0.001), blood sugar monitoring (Chi-Square = 72.966, p < 0.001), and eye health impacts (Chi-Square = 29.324, p < 0.001). They also engaged more frequently in healthcare practices, including visits to general practitioners and eye doctors, and were more aware of dilated eye examinations (Chi-Square = 14.918, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Individuals with systemic illnesses show better diabetes knowledge and healthcare practices compared to those without. Targeted educational interventions are crucial to address these knowledge gaps and improve diabetes management.