Volume: 46 Issue: 1
Year: 2026, Page: 76-80, Doi: https://doi.org/10.51248/v46i1.152
Received: Oct. 29, 2025 Accepted: March 17, 2026 Published: March 27, 2026
Background: Hemoglobinopathies are among the most common inherited monogenic disorders worldwide, with significant prevalence in India, particularly in tribal and rural populations. Gujarat reports a high burden of both β-thalassemia and sickle cell disorders. Aim: To evaluate the spectrum and clinico-hematological profile of hemoglobinopathies in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A retrospective and prospective descriptive study was conducted over four years (Jan 2021 to Dec 2024) at a tertiary hospital in Gujarat. A total of 100 confirmed cases of hemoglobinopathies were analyzed. Complete blood count and peripheral smear were performed in a NABL accredited laboratory, and data were analyzed. Results: The most common hemoglobinopathy was β-thalassemia trait (44%), followed by sickle cell disorders (27%) and sickle cell trait (24%). Rare variants included HbE+S (1%) and HbD-Punjab trait (1 %). Two cases of homozygous β-thalassemia were identified in children under 10 years. Clinical features included pallor, fever, and jaundice, particularly in sickle disorders and thalassemia major. Most cases belonged to OBC, SC, and ST communities. Conclusion: Hemoglobinopathies remain a significant public health challenge in Gujarat, with β-thalassemia trait being the most prevalent. Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a cost-effective screening tool that should be integrated into antenatal, premarital, and adolescent health programs. Genetic counselling and molecular follow-up are essential for long-term disease reduction.
Keywords: Hemoglobinopathies, Thalassemia, Sickle cell syndrome, Electrophoresis
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